Thursday, April 23, 2009

Three Chords And The Truth

When I first started reading Cormac McCarthy's novels in high school it didn't initially occur to me how strange it was that I understood all the dialect words. McCarthy's early books were set in rural Tennessee and used such Ulster Scots colloquialisms as "sleekit," "skitter," "shite," "wean" etc. all of which were very familiar to me growing up in Northern Ireland. Later I got why this was so. Cormac McCarthy's Tennessee books paint a vivid picture of the Ulster Scots migrants to Appalachia and the world they live in: clannish, violent, musical, economically poor but culturally rich. The Ulster Scots (or Scotch Irish if you prefer) migrated from northern Ireland to America in the eighteenth century taking their customs, dialect, poetry and especially their fiddles with them. It's been well said that America's greatest contribution to world culture has been its music. African Americans invented Jazz, Blues, R&B and Rap, but the Ulster Scots invented country music or rather country music grew organically from their preexisting folk music and country music has a largely pessimistic outlook on the universe that comes from the bleak, fatalistic folkways of the Ulster Scots.
...
Too few people realise that the history of the Irish in America does not begin with the potato famine but goes back a century earlier to the 1740 migrations from Ulster. The best book about this hidden history is probably Albion's Seed by David Hackett Fischer, but Senator Jim Webb has written an entertaining primer called Born Fighting, both of which are well worth a read. Part of Jim Webb's premise is that the Ulster Scots' fighting and a feuding ways meant that they were predisposed for military service and that Scotch-Irish officers were the backbone of Washington's Army, the Union and Confederate Armies in the Civil War, the Doughboys of WW1, the GIs of WW2 and Vietnam. There may be some truth in this. Although I've never had any desire to serve in the army (all that shouting in the cadet force put me right off) my little brother spent most of last year as an officer in Iraq, my dad was in the Royal Navy for twenty years and my grandfather fought in the trenches in WW1 for the duration. And of course it's well known that the British peacetime army was largely made up of Irish and Scots. Biology and culture are not destiny but maybe this is why I write (fairly) violent crime novels, not romance fiction. I just can't help it. Mercifully though all the country songs I wrote as a teenager have gone to that great storage locker in the sky.

55 comments:

Gregrhi Love said...

I would pay money to read your country songs.
I did know something about the Irish influence in Appalachian culture, but I'm going to check out those books you suggested, you know, to fill all that free time I have!

John McFetridge said...

There's a great scene in John Sayles' film Matewan when the striking coal miners have been thrown out of the company town and are living in the woods.

The strikers are Irish and Italian immigrants and there are black guys brought in as scabs who've joined the strike and there are the 'hill people' (who would be the Scotch Irish you're talking about) and they all play different music and are brought together a little by trying to play together.

Of course the scene is far better than I describe it.

Anonymous said...

A few years ago it was relayed to me that I was the subject of a discussion at a private dinner hosted by an acquaintance and James Watson of Watson and Crick fame.

Watson remarked that he thought us Ulster Irish were not genetically predisposed to our warring antics but indeed felt that contributory to this was a lack of sincerity in our religious beliefs. We seemed to be unencumbered by religion. Add to this the greater need for smaller regions or factions within a nation to exert their own identity and demonstrate value by means which may seem extreme to the majority of people in those nations. Add the typical inequalities that befall such smaller regions or factions within a nation. Add more extreme politics and voting. Cook for a few hundred years and the result amongst other things is a more warlike grouping. The majority in larger nations are not disposed in this way as generally the government caters for them on a national level with wars and the impression of war.

I would point out I am from Ulster, have no desire for war, was not mentioned in the conversation for any warlike characteristics and strangely do not seem to be genetically disposed to anything much.

liam said...

I was actually born in Tennessee, Madison County near Nashville, to a Scots-Irish-American fella named of Ballinger and southern belle named of Kirven. Lots of Irish in the south, and one thing I've noticed about the Irish in the south is that there's a huge sense of camaraderie. Never have I met so many cool fellas as I did on St.Patty's in Savannah and on routine Saturday nights at Tommy Condon's pub in Charleston. This excerpt I've just put on Declan's site is about a TN boy shipping up to Boston to snuff out his own. Been writing it a lot lately and this blog hit home a little with me. Lots of pride I'm sure, for Ulster Irishman and TN Scots-Irish immigrants, Irish folk tunes having morphed into country and bluegrass. Never been a huge fan of the latter two, but this post makes me want to re-evaluate a little on that end of things.

Just as a side note, when I was six months old, my mother and I went to eat fried chicken at a little dive in Nashville that Johnny Cash frequented. And on this particular day, the man in black walks in with John Jr. and has a seat in the booth next to us. Mom was afraid to approach him bc he had a reputation for being kinda hostile at times, but she recorded the event on restaurant napkin and stuck it in my baby book. She showed it to for the first time the end of last year. I then told her I'd wished she had a camera. Camera or no, it made go out and buy a few of his albums. So indirectly, I ate fried chicken with the man himself. True story.

Mark Thompson said...

Really good post Adrian - good to read someone posting some sensible comment that's supportive of Ulster-Scots!

All the best
Mark

PKL said...

Adrian:

The musical course (as in trail) you mention here is not as widely recognized as should be, but is undeniable. I've heard and resonated with the same songs and harmonies in the highlands of Scotland, Ireland, Brittany, Quebec, and Kentucky and Tennessee. Probably this extends to Australia, but I have no personal experience of this. Soon, we'll have an Aboriginal band doing a digg verion of Whiskey in the Jar.

Also, that militaristic gene skips around quite unpredictably. My son has had military visions of glory since he was 3, and I never did a day in the service.

PKL

PKL said...

Liam:

Lovely remembrance about Mr. Cash. Thank you most sincerely.

Poetically, I was once staying at Jury's in Ballsbridge, and exited the hotel for work, only to find George Jones himself standing just outside the front door, waiting for his limo. This gave me the opportunity to thank him for all that wonderful music over all these years, and he actually seemed touched and appreciative. Then Tammy exited the hotel without noting either of us, in skullcap and sans wig, and jumped in her ride. George signed my white ballcap quite graciously and looked at the departing Tammy with the rue of the love-lost. I remember that his hair was perfect, but his eyes held two tons of sorrow.

I did not get to the show that night, but I still have the cap.

Tammy died a couple of years later.

PKL

adrian mckinty said...

Greg

Believe me you wouldnt want to hear them under any circumstances. Now they've stopped waterboarding terror suspects I could offer my song writing services to the CIA as a potential torment though.

adrian mckinty said...

John

I think I remember that bit. Of the early Sayles I liked Matewan and 8 Men Out best. I aslo like Coal Miner's Daughter as a cultural document. It was directed by that most English of directors Michael Apted but somehow it rings true.

adrian mckinty said...

Anon

That is a very intriguing and interesting story. You've definitely piqued my curiousity with that.

I think Webb's point is that its more of a cultural heritage. Of coruse his book is a largely anecdotal account but Albions Seed is pretty convincing.

adrian mckinty said...

Liam

Man thats a cool story. JC eating fried chicken. Very very cool.

When I was about 22 or 23 me and the missus spent a week driving through Tennessee and Kentucky and one of the things I remember most was the food. Just amazing food everywhere. Pie stands by the side of the road that you never see in the north, fried chicken, barbecue... great stuff.

adrian mckinty said...

Mark

I like the culture and I like the people. And I'm not a fan of the negative stereotpying.

I remember reading an article about a man from the north investigating gun violence in the south. He asked a good ol boy on a porch in Kentucky why gun violence was so much higher in Kentucky than in say Vermont. The good old boy thought for a second and said "well I guess down here there's just more people that need killing."

adrian mckinty said...

Patrick

Thats a pretty cool story too. The closest I've got to CW royalty was seeing Willie Nelson's tourbus parked all night in the Wal Mart parking lot round the corner from us in Denver. Didnt see Mr Nelson though. Oh I also (for my sins) sat in the "Hank Williams Death Car"

Todd said...

Nice Bono quote in your title there by the way.

adrian mckinty said...

Todd

I assume you are trying to wind me up. Yes after a bit of research I did find out that Bono said "three chords and the truth" in some U2 concert film and that some people now believe that he invented the saying.

Of course he did not. Harland Howard the great Nashville song writer came up with the three chords line when trying to explain what country music was. This was decades before Bono was out of short pants. (If indeed he is out of short pants).

PKL said...

Adrian:

It is my belief that there is still a great little book in the mystery of that 1952 Cadillac. Another untapped resource like the GP - Joshua Tree story.

PKL

knowa said...

blue grass to mountain music the only group with as much genetically altered chromosones would be the anglo irish and that noble poet shane mcgowan pair of brown eyes the band played walzing matilda

I think the violence may come from being used as ammunition dating back to henry the 2nd the italian popes oliver cromwell and on and on freedom became something so obscure that survival and only survival became the beat indentured to each other survival of the wittiest

navigator navigator rise up and be strong the morning has come and there's work to be done take your pick axe your shovel and ball o dynamite andthen we'll ship a few tons of that earthly delight

adrian mckinty said...

Patrick

I agree. Or a short film. The soundtrack of course could be LC's Tower of Song.

I'm not the biggest fan of HW Jnr, but I think HW III shows some potential.

adrian mckinty said...

Knowa

Shane gets a lot of stick for being an "english" poseur who went to public school (and I've been guilty of piling on myself in the past) but there are so many X cultural and genetic links between the islands that I dont really care if Shane or anyone else wants to call themselves a Mick. I'll take Shane MCG over Michael Flately anyday.

Anonymous said...

Which 3 chords?

adrian mckinty said...

Anon

Hmmmm.....


G A D ?


G C D ?


F Em G ?

Good question.

seanag said...

As has been mentioned here before, I have to assume from my last name, Graham, that there is definitely a Scotch-Irish thread in the family, but I do know that they were as Catholic as they come by the time my dad came along, though he left the church behind him before he married my non-Catholic mother. So I don't know where that cross-cultural exchange happened. But as to the rest, well, I think the clannish, musical, economically poor but culturally rich part would and does to some extent still apply. The violence, though, is conspicuously absent. And I would say the clannishness was never so much an 'us against them' thing as a 'we keep our own secrets' thing. And a fierce loyalty too. Perhaps they weren't violent because it was never put to the test in that sort of way. I don't mean the men were passive or weak, most of them served in the military during WWII or Korea, though I don't think any of my cousins served in Vietnam--most of them weren't old enough, though. Anyway, there are military affiliations, but no warrior ethos.

My dad's whole family was and is very political, but they'd argue you to death, and heap scorn upon your ignorance, not fight you. Drinking, of which there was a lot would lead to unkind words, not fists or anything worse. One cousin of mine was quite a hothead, especially when he drank, but of course we attributed that to the other side of his family...

seanag said...

Also, Adrian, I don't think it would harm us too much if you posted some of those country lyrics. You don't have to actually sing them.

adrian mckinty said...

Seana

Interesting stuff. Remember that guy who said you might be a redneck if...Well here's a sort of test. You might be an Ulster Scot if any of this song rings a bell

adrian mckinty said...

Seana

Also believe me you never want to hear any of my country songs. Never. Mercifully those that remain are safely under lock and key 10000 miles from here.

One of them was about my bicycle that got stolen - seriously no one wants to hear that.

carol said...

I got Jim Webb's book for my father and he loved it.

adrian mckinty said...

Carol

I liked Webb's too. My only caveat is that JW doesn't really give us a whole lot of evidence for his thesis, its much more anecdotal and folksy.

I dont know anything about your father however if he likes history Albion's Seed is one of the best history books I've ever read and that is quite thorough about this topic.

adrian mckinty said...

BTW dont take that as a knock against Webb. Jim Webb is an old school American hero who I respect and like. There's a riveting bit in The Nightingale's Song about his boxing match with Oliver North when they were both at Annapolis - incredible stuff.

seanag said...

I loved the song, but it's inconclusive as to my ethnic identity. Maybe yes, maybe no. However I am now pretty sure that everyone I went to high school with was of Ulster Scot derivation. It is utterly, utterly familiar. And of course completely American.

A song about a stolen bicycle? Have you not heard of a little movie called The Bicycle Thief? Subject matter is not enough to let you off the hook.

Under lock and key means you didn't burn them. We already know they're in a storage locker in Denver, so if you just provide a street address, it's a small matter for either Greg or I to get there and pick the lock. As you know, neither of us has anything else much to do. Actually, as Greg says he's willing to pay money, it makes sense for me to be the lock picker.

Peter Rozovsky said...

David Hackett Fisher is or was a professor at the university I attended and for whose student newspaper I worked when I "studied" there. I once had an unpleasant encounter with him when he was embarrassed by a tough question and changed the subject in a most unsporting manner.

Perhaps I'll have something constructive to contribute to the discussion later.
==============
Detectives Beyond Borders
"Because Murder Is More Fun Away From Home"
http://www.detectivesbeyondborders.blogspot.com/

adrian mckinty said...

Peter

What was your disagreement? I'm no professional historian, but I found Albions Seed very convincing especially in the New England and Ulster Scots chapters.

adrian mckinty said...

Seana

Its never going to happen. There's even a couple of cassettes I made of me singing these "songs" and if that were to fall into the wrong hands I'd be toast. All credibility gone with kids, potential students, potential employers etc. gone forever.

Nope they will remain concealed as all teenage poetry/song writing should be. (Except maybe for Nick Drake's)

Peter Rozovsky said...

Er, I, too, admit to bouts of teenage and post-teenage songwriting. Some of my tunes even had four or five chords.

Adrian, my contretemps with Fisher had nothing to do with history. He gave a speech to families of prospective or incoming freshmen in which he made exaggerated claims about the percentage of courses at the school taught by faculty members as opposed to graduate students.

A colleague and I from the paper called him on this, pointing out that virtually every student took mandatory basic, introductory courses taught by grad students. Rather than explain himself or apologize, he changed the subject: That's nothing. The paper had made bigger mistakes, told bigger lies, etc. A small matter, but he acted like a real shit.

==============
Detectives Beyond Borders
"Because Murder Is More Fun Away From Home"
http://www.detectivesbeyondborders.blogspot.com/

adrian mckinty said...

Peter

a classic shoot the messenger response. no i dont like that kind of stuff either.

Ok then how about this: if anyone's interested they should get Albions Seed from the library but they can buy Jim Webb's book on Amazon. Fair enough?

liam said...

My great grandmother used to sing Loch Lowman and Danny Boy to my mother when she was a baby, which I didn't find out until a week before I got married. Subsequently, the wife and I incorporated them into our wedding, along with Black is the Colour and the obligatory Ave Maria. A great time was had, a very Scots-Irish affair.

The wife, Scot-North African, actually has family near Glasgow who still own their own castle, the Nisbet Castle. Pretty narly. One of these days, we'll make it over there and dine on haggis and Scotch.

Peter Rozovsky said...

Nah, Fisher acted like a putz when he got caught in a lie decades ago. Don't let that stop you form buying his books. I may even have an old ARC of "Albion's Seed" lying aroung somewhere.
==============
Detectives Beyond Borders
"Because Murder Is More Fun Away From Home"
http://www.detectivesbeyondborders.blogspot.com/

adrian mckinty said...

Liam

Have you ever had haggis? I like it but its not for everyone. In Glasgow once I had a haggis burger, now that was bad.

adrian mckinty said...

Peter

Well then I'll let my official endorsement come back on again for whats thats worth.

seanag said...

Liam, I must say that your family seems to have a predilection for unexpected dramatic revelation. It must be interesting to live among them.

Adrian, cassettes? I think you're only hope now is that Marco hasn't read this thread, because if he has there will come a point when they will be broadcast across the internet. If you go out drinking with him in Firenze next year, just make sure not to leave your drink unattended. Oh, what the hell. We all know you are going to leave your drink unattended, and suffice it to say that we will soon have all the info we need.

Don't worry--people love an author's juvenalia. It gives them hope.

Peter Rozovsky said...

Hmm, Jane Austen's juvenile history of England might not be such a great source of hope. If she could be that funny when she was just a kid ...

Three chords? "Sweet Jane"'s are pretty good -- E-A-B when I saw Lou Reed.
==============
Detectives Beyond Borders
“Because Murder Is More Fun Away From Home”
http://detectivesbeyondborders.blogspot.com/

seanag said...

You're right, but I bet those songs are pretty funny too. Intentionally or no is not for me to say.

knowaflood said...

don't know how you feel about leon uris but his book trinity and i believe the follow up may have been called redemption gave an outside perspective on the ulster scotts and how the english manipulated the economy to pit them against the irish.as for michael flately and shane mc gowan in the same sentence .............
I believe only the Irish descrbe themselves in generational seperation from Eire.2nd generation
from mayo to limrick and longford and kerry where drinking,partying and sometimes fighting is a right of passage similar to a bar mitvah
confirmation or aboriginal penis sheath fitting seeds sown on the turf fitted like a sod comforter
in one of robert parke harrisons photos the ulster scotts were only one of the many morphed cultures from the rock deposited around the world yet the all share the same characters like any outsider trying to influence the Irish they sooner or later become Irish....
mush ring dum a doo dum a da
whack for my daddy o whack for my daddy o it's whiskey in the jar...do flately and bono now there's a chest shaving duo

adrian mckinty said...

Seana

Whats interestinga about the casettes is that I'm singing in a broad North Belfast accent of the very scary which adds an air of menace to lyrics like "I've come to see you" etc.

adrian mckinty said...

Peter

Did he do a 20 minute cello solo at that concert or was this in his less pretentious days?

adrian mckinty said...

knowa

I've seen those Leon Uris books knocking around but I havent read any. They're pretty thick and intimidating. I wonder how nuanced they are - in a lot of that kind of fiction the proddies in the north are the oh so easy villains. I honestly dont though, it might make a good book to take on a long plane journey, like Shogun, another one I've never read.

Whiskey in the Jar if I recall correctly has 4 chords: Em, G, D, C.

seanag said...

Oh, a young thuggish type of soundtrack, huh? Who was it who was writing the YA noir novel anyway? Call me crazy, but it sounds like you already have the soundtrack to the movie.

No, don't call me crazy.

Peter Rozovsky said...

"Whiskey in the Jar if I recall correctly has 4 chords: Em, G, D, C."I have just verified that those chords work, which means so would C, Am, F, G, that classic doo-wop sequence.

All the (few) Irish folk songs I know are simple to sing and play except "Rocky Road to Dublin," whose rhythm is not easy.

I don't remember any cellos, but I think I saw him on the tour that produced the live album "Take No Prisoners," which means there was probably lots of talking on stage.

==============
Detectives Beyond Borders
"Because Murder Is More Fun Away From Home"
http://www.detectivesbeyondborders.blogspot.com/

adrian mckinty said...

Peter

You were very lucky to miss the cello solo/lecturing us on our demeanor tour.

adrian mckinty said...

Seana

Too late: you're crazy.

Peter Rozovsky said...

I've heard that he was a bit of an ass. The cello lecturing fits in with that.
==============
Detectives Beyond Borders
"Because Murder Is More Fun Away From Home"
http://www.detectivesbeyondborders.blogspot.com/

seanag said...

Drat. Found out again.

Anonymous said...

sat on a shelf for over 20 years prods and paps share equal billing in that top of novel it's not the size of the ship but the motion of the ocean

marco said...

Drugging his drink? That would be unworthy of me. Probably.

1) The Truth about Villa Park
2) Cassettes

(Wondering about the right doses.)

seanag said...

Glad you're willing to see the bigger opportunity here, Marco. Scruples only go so far in thgis life.

seanag said...

You know, it just occured to me this morning, Marco, that we might be making it too difficult. All you need to do is get him to tell the story about Villa Park--the hardest part will probably be to look reverent, not skeptical--and then while he is still under the spell of the past ask "And what about a wee ballad of your own composition then, lad?" If you just turn on the tape recorder you've hidden under the table at that point, I am sure we will all have hours of entertainment ahead of us. Because you know he remembers them all. He's got to.