I haven’t found an adequate answer for this question on the net (just a lot of silliness and/or propaganda) so I’ve had to do the sums myself. Current world consumption is about 26 billion barrels per year. World Oil consumption has been stagnant for the last two years but I think an average growth rate of 1.5% - 2% per year seems reasonable based on the expected continuing industrialisation of China, India and the Third World. That means that world oil consumption will have doubled to about 50 billion barrels per year in around 2045 when oil consumption may level off due to energy conservation measures and plateauing populations and industrialisation. There are - approximately - (no one really knows for sure) 1.3 trillion barrels of proven oil reserves across the world. If we use, say, 1 trillion barrels over the next 34 years that will leave us with only 300 billion barrels when world oil consumption hopefully(!) levels off at 50 billion barrels a year in 2045. That means that post 2045 there will only be a six years supply left. By this metric all the oil in the world will run out in 2051.
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However, there are many unexplored regions of the world and it wouldn’t be outrageous (but it would generous) to suggest that there could be another 1 trillion barrels of oil in the Arctic, in the Antarctic, off Greenland, in Russia and in other inhospitable regions. But one trillion only buys us another twenty years or so at the 50 billion per year consumption rate so the oil runs out in 2071 (and thats assuming a levelling off of oil consumption after 2045). But what about shale oil and the oil sands of Alberta and Venezuela as well as other places around the globe? Well now we’re talking big numbers. At the moment most of those massive deposits are uneconomic but if we’re running out of oil fast then by golly they will quickly become economic. In Canada and Venezuela alone there could be as much as 4 trillion barrels of oil that may be recoverable with advanced technologies. This will get us another 80 years. In the US there could be another 1.5 trillion barrels of shale oil that could be exploitable by frakking. Let’s throw in the remaining world oil shale and sands reserves and that could possibly buy us another 50 years.
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So when does all the oil run out? Add this all together and I reckon the answer is just before teatime on August 6th 2196. This, I think, is a much later date than most people are expecting, but still what do we do then? Well, if no one’s figured out how to mine the methane on Titan or invented a fusion reactor or cheap solar arrays then we could be back to the glorious days of clipper ships and steam trains, which, personally I would love. Wake up my frozen head and make me happy.
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31 comments:
Tom Stoppard commented recently that travel had become dehumanizing but it was nobody's fault, just progress. I think 'dehumanizing' is a bit strong, but I'm with you (and him, presumably) on preferring those slower modes where a journey was a journey, and uncomfortable but in a much more human and sociable way.
Somerset Maugham floating around the Far East. Those old European train journeys...
What about global warming, Adrian? What good will all that oil be if all of our children and grandchildren and every other species on the planet is extinct?
I'm going to miss plastic.
Mark
Did you know that for a few months there with special pricing the Queen Mary 2 was the same price for a family of 4 on New York - Southampton as for a family of 4 flying? We didnt do it but I would love to. Surface travel is real travel, everything else is somehow fraudulent.
John
99.99% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct. Not that that will give us comfort if our number is up but it puts things in perspective. However even the alarmists put global temperature rise at between 1 - 5 c over the next century. Thats going to make life uncomfortable certainly in the more marginal places but mass extinction is unlikely.
And I'm an optimist about human ingenuity. I reckon we'll develop carbon trapping technology long before then. Its already happening.
John
I bet you wont, not when you see what smart glass can do.
I wish I could be as optimistic about human ingenuity as you are, Adrian. It is looking at human history that has made me pretty pessimistic. But I would love to be proved wrong....
I am probably going to miss plastic sooner than you, John McF. San Francisco passed a plastic bag ban a couple of years ago, and unincorporated areas of Santa Cruz have recently followed suit. It hasn't hit the city yet, so I'm unscathed, but it will in the next few months and I'm can't wait to see how enjoyable my life will be as a retail worker as I hand customers their books and cards in the first downpour, and say, sorry, no plastics. There will definitely be an opening for a black market in plastic bags.
I've been taking this online course on World Poverty over the past month or so, and it's been pretty interesting to see how many of our conventional assumptions about everything from caloric intake to family size seem to be turned on their head by actual research. And just last week, I went to a talk on water conservation in Santa Cruz, which is planning for a future of growth, but slipped into the talk was the still somewhat unexplained fact that water usage has actually declined here by 30% in the last decade. I mention these things because both are a critique of our assumptions about what is and or will be by scientific or at least mathematical methods.
As to the golden age of travel, I think a lot of people would prefer to travel in that leisurely way if their lives were leisurely, but they aren't. For sure a lot of people would never take a plane again.
Although that reminds me of this again counterintuitive little piece from Slate on How the TSA is Killing Us.
Based on a few articles I've read there's probably even more oil in the Persian Gulf, Iraq in particular. Oil was so easy to find in those areas there was never any thorough survey of what's in the ground. The problem with oil sands/shale, aside from the carbon it produces, is that it requires huge amounts of fresh water to process. The next big thing that might solve the oil problem (or so I read last week) is a nanotechnology product called graphene. It can, in theory, be used to create fast-charge batteries, so, for example, an electric car could fully recharge in 2 minutes. This would eliminate the main problem with electric cars, which is the hours it takes to recharge them. Remove gas-powered cars from the equation and the oil lasts a lot longer.
Looking over my shoulder I often think of a saying of Lenin that" Capitalists will sell the rope that hangs them. " It seems that the huge profits from drilling, refining and exporting oil are so great that a true impetus to change does not seem pressing.The fact that the extensive motor car highways in America are in disrepair and the national train service is ludicrous has not spurred a major national effort to transition away from Oil.Safe cheap synthetics away from oil based use does not appear to be on the horizon.Ships ahoy does seem to have pleasant ring.Best Alan
In re air travel, modern travel by plane has been aptly compared to travel on prison ships to Australia in the eighteenth century. I will never take a place unless I have to and nowadays routinely take the train or even the bus to Toronto and Montreal. When I do fly, as I did one way last week, I wind up with something to write about.
I'm not sure they're quite as bad as prison ships to Australia, Peter. For one thing, most of the time, you're headed somewhere you actually intended to go.
Re: the end of oil
Back during the Jimmy Carter administration, when we had lines at the gas pumps, I looked for the most economical car I could find, bought my first Toyota. The American Auto Industry looked at this and started building bigger cars. Back then, they reduced the speed limits to 55mph, but then as soon as oil was available, everyone started driving their gas guzzling SUVs 75-80 on the highways.
Once it was thought that overpopulation was the main crisis, and advocates for birth control were all around. The population bomb is now unheard of, and the populist movement is anti-abortion and for overturning Roe vs. Wade.
Since the normal condition of individual existence is non-existence when time is viewed as a discernable whole, it doesn't seem to matter much.
My wife and I are just grateful for the day.
Well, Richard, existence vs. non-existence probably doesn't matter much unless you have some kind of stake in the game.
I think what the people in the world poverty class would say is that it's not enough to just deride people for the actions they take, it's important to find out why they take them.
But you're right. We're lucky to be here and it's good to remember that.
John
If there's money in it someone will think of a solution. I expect nothing however from governments and international action. As far as I'm aware Australia is the only country in the world with a carbon tax and that is going to be repealed after the next election.
Cary
And its not just purely electric cars. I love the idea of an electric hybrid that could run say 1 gallon of gas a month. That would change the world.
Alan
I was done at Port Melbourne today getting a tour of the new Greenpeace ship the Rainbow Warrior. I was amazed to see that its made of steel and looks a cargo ship but isn't. Its a sailing ship. Its fantastic.
An image here
http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/en/rainbow-warrior-2013/
and I'll upload my own pics on twitter at some point.
Peter
Air travel is a nightmare. Always has been unless you are the 3 percent in first class. And with kids its worse.
That Robert Benchley maxim applies double in this day and age.
Rich
My old Kawasaki 100cc 2 stroke used to get about 115 miles per gallon. It was great. I used to have to fill the tank about once a fortnight, if that. One time doing only minor roads I drove from Belfast to Dublin and back on one refill.
I'm not saying thats the future but extending mileage has got to be part of the solution.
And on the more existential point. I can't say that every day I am happy to be alive, but I'd like to be around to see my kids grow up and find out if we're ever going to get a human being to Mars or a probe under the ice of Europa.
Seana
I think it was the English playwright Christopher Fry who said "to live at all is miracle enough" and yes when you consider the extraordinary set of circumstances that had to come to pass for our parents to meet and us to be born it should generate a sense of wonder.
Just not in my old cynical bones.
I bet very few of us actually think that to live at all is miracle enough, except on a very occasional basis. Even if it's true.
Seana
Probably it is among the enlightened and mature.
On a different topic. Here's the first (!) full length American newspaper review of The Cold Cold Ground.
Perhaps one of your enlightened and mature readers will pop in and let us know.
That's a very well informed reviewer. He knows his Stuart Neville from his Declan Burke, for one thing, and how many American book reviewers can say that. It's about time one of them wrote up your book.
Seana
He might be the best read American reviewer I've ever had. Apart from Peter, of course.
And Peter could probably count as a Canadian.
Adrian,I expect and hope you will see many more such reviews.Live long and prosper.Best Alan
Seana
Yeah I meant the review that he wrote in the Philly Inquirer.
Alan
Cheers, God I hope so, if I'm going to prosper or even survive I really need to sell more books in N America.
I'll tell ya, enjoy that pristine BC coastline while you can, because we'll miss it when it's gone...
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